id() and type() Function in Python

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Everything is an Object

• Everything means everything, including functions and classes (more on this later!)
• Data type is a property of the object and not of the variable

id() Function:

id() is an inbuilt function in Python.

Syntax :

id(object)

Returns the identity of object. It is the address of object in memory.

It will be unique and constant throughout the lifetime of object.

Example :

>>> a = 10
>>> print("id of a",id(a))
id of a 1579869088
>>> b = "Hello World"
>>> print("id of b",id(b))
id of b 53798096
>>> 

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type() Function:

type() is an inbuilt function in Python.

The type() function returns the type of the specified object

Syntax :

Different forms of type() function in Python are:

type(object)
type(name, bases, dict)

Example 1 :

If a single argument (object) is passed to type() built-in, it returns type of the given object.

>>> a = 10
>>> print("type of a is",type(a))
type of a is <class 'int'>
>>> b = 1.2
>>> print("type of b is",type(b))
type of b is <class 'float'>
>>> c = True
>>> print("type of c is",type(c))
type of c is <class 'bool'>
>>> d = [1,2,3]
>>> print("type of d is",type(d))
type of d is <class 'list'>
>>> e = (1,2,3)
>>> print("type of e is",type(e))
type of e is <class 'tuple'>

Example 2 :

type() With name, bases and dict Parameters

If three arguments (name, bases and dict) are passed, it returns a new type object.

Parameters:
name: name of class, which later corresponds to the __name__ attribute of the class.
bases : tuple of classes from which the current class derives. Later corresponds 
        to the __bases__ attribute.
dict :   a dictionary that holds the namespaces for the class. Later corresponds 
        to the __dict__ attribute.
Return type:
returns a new type class or essentially a metaclass.

Use of type(name, bases, dict)

File name: checkType.py

# Python3 program to demonstrate 
# type(name, bases, dict) 

# New class(has no base) class with the 
# dynamic class initialization of type() 
new = type('New', (object, ), 
	dict(var1 ='ProwessApps', b = 2016))

# Print type() which returns class 'type' 
print(type(new)) 
print(vars(new)) 


# Base class, incorporated 
# in our new class 
class test: 
	a = "ProwessApps"
	b = 2016

# Dynamically initialize Newer class 
# It will derive from the base class test 
newer = type('Newer', (test, ), 
		dict(a ='Prowess', b = 2018))
		
print(type(newer)) 
print(vars(newer)) 

OUTPUT:

{'__module__': '__main__', 'var1': 'ProwessApps', '__weakref__': , 'b': 2016, '__dict__': , '__doc__': None}

{'b': 2018, '__doc__': None, '__module__': '__main__', 'a': 'Prowess'} 
                

type() function is mostly used for debugging purposes.

Example :

# Python3 simple code to explain 
# the type() function 
print(type([]) is list) 

print(type([]) is not list) 

print(type(()) is tuple) 

print(type({}) is dict) 

print(type({}) is not list) 

OUTPUT:

True
False
True
True
True

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