Input / Output in C

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Console I/O functions can be further classified into two categories formatted and unformatted console I/O functions. The basic difference between them is that the formatted functions allow the input read from the keyboard or the output displayed on the VDU to be formatted as per our requirements.

printf: This function is used to display output to the output screen. The general syntax of this function is as follows
printf("format string",var_list);

TYPE FORMATTERS:

DATA_TYPE  FORMATTER
------------------------
int    	    %d %X %x %o %u %p
float       %f
double      %lf %Lf
char        %c
string	    %s	

Escape Sequence:

SEQ	DETAIL
------------------------
\n	New Line
\t	Tab
\b	Back Space
\f	Form Feed
\r	Carriage Return
\a	Alarm
\\	Back Slash
\" 	Double Quote

scanf: This function allows us to enter data from keyboard that will be formatted in a certain way. The general form of scanf( ) statement is as follows:
scanf("format string",var_address);

Example:

#include< stdio.h >
int main( ) {
 int  a, b;
 printf("Enter value a: ");
 scanf("%d", &a);
 printf("Enter value b: ");
 scanf("%d", &b);

 printf("User Input is:\n");
 printf("A=%d & B=%d", a, b);
 return 0;
}

  

OUTPUT

Enter value a: 17
Enter value b: 23

User Input is:
A=17 & B=23

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getchar: This function allows us to enter character from keyboard. The general form of getchar( ) statement is as follows:
char ch = getchar( );

Example:

#include< stdio.h >
int main( ) {
  char choice;
  printf("Enter Any Char: ");
  choice = getchar();
  printf("Input is: %c",choice); 
  return 0;
}

  

OUTPUT

Enter Any Char: F
Input is: F

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